“Narrow-spectrum” antibacterial antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics affect a wide range of bacteria, usually both gram positive and gram negative cells. They do so mainly by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in the mRNA translation complex.įurther categorization is based on their target specificity. Figure: Structure of tetracycline: Tetracycline antibiotics are protein synthesis inhibitors, inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) is the minimum concentration of drug which can inhibit the growth of the microorganism. High concentrations of some bacteriostatic agents are also bactericidal. However, there is not always a precise distinction between them and bactericidal antibiotics. They must work together with the immune system to remove the microorganisms from the body. This group includes: tetracyclines, sulfonamides, spectinomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, macrolides and lincosamides. Figure: Mechanism of penicillin inhibition: Penicillin and most other β-lactam antibiotics act by inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins, which normally catalyze cross-linking of bacterial cell walls.īacteriostatic antibiotics limit the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacterial protein production, DNA replication, or other aspects of bacterial cellular metabolism. The MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) is the minimum concentration of drug which can kill 99.99% of the population. Aminoglycosidic antibiotics are usually considered bactericidal, although they may be bacteriostatic with some organisms. Other batericidal agents include daptomycin, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, co-trimoxazole and telithromycin. Other ways that bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria include inhibiting bacterial enzymes or protein translation. Examples include the Beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin derivatives (penams) ), cephalosporins (cephems), monobactams, and carbapenems) and vancomycin. One way that bactericidal antibodies kill bacteria is by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit their growth or reproduction. \)Ĭompare the two classes of antibiotics: bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibioticĪntibiotics can be divided into two classes based on their mechanism of action.
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